Type K Thermocouple

Equation and live calculation

E_measured = E_K(T_hot) − E_K(T_ref); E_compensated = E_measured + E_K(T_ref)

Live substitution appears when the demonstration loads.

PV = process value; LRV/URV = lower/upper range values; I = current in mA. Pressure calculations use kPa internally. Selected units apply to inputs, limits, diagrams, and readouts; changing units converts the same physical values without changing the current. Tank calculations use meters internally; z is positive above the bottom tap. ρ = 1000 × specific gravity in kg/m³; g = 9.80665 m/s². H in tank equations means measured height, not the H port. Entered LRV/URV define the current scaling; calculated empty/full tank DP values are reference checks. Set and Reset Points define switch operation; deadband is their absolute difference. Temperature reference equations use °C internally. Mercury pressure units use conventional NIST conversion factors. Vacuum entries are negative gauge pressure; the absolute-pressure readout remains nonnegative. Models assume ideal instantaneous response. Displayed current is limited to the nominal 4–20 mA range: I_display = clamp(I_ideal, 4, 20), where clamp holds a value at its lower or upper limit. This teaching limit does not reproduce manufacturer-specific saturation or alarm currents.